Physicochemical Properties
This product is a faint yellow or pale orange crystalline powder, odorless, with a slightly bitter taste. It gradually turns orange-red upon exposure to light. It is slightly soluble in dimethylformamide, very slightly soluble in water, and soluble in sodium hydroxide solution.
Action and Uses
As a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent specifically designed for animals and belonging to the third-generation fluoroquinolone class, enrofloxacin is effective against Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria, and mycoplasma. Its antibacterial activity is significantly superior to norfloxacin, and it exhibits stronger efficacy against mycoplasma compared to tylosin and tiamulin. The drug is readily absorbed following oral, intramuscular, or subcutaneous administration and is widely distributed throughout the body. Drug concentrations in most tissues, except the central nervous system, are higher than blood concentrations. In vivo, it undergoes deethylation, primarily producing the active metabolite ciprofloxacin. However, there are considerable interspecies differences in its metabolism: it is metabolized rapidly in poultry, dogs, rabbits, and cattle, but slowly in horses and pigs. Clinically, it is mainly used to treat respiratory, digestive, and urogenital tract infections, skin infections, and septicemia caused by various pathogens including mycoplasma, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Haemophilus, Erysipelothrix, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus.
Adverse Reactions
(1) May cause cartilage deformation in young animals, affecting bone development and leading to lameness and pain.
(2) Gastrointestinal reactions such as vomiting, decreased appetite, and diarrhea.
(3) Dermatological reactions including erythema, pruritus, urticaria, and photosensitivity.
(4) Occasional allergic reactions, ataxia, and seizures in dogs and cats.
Dosage and Administration
Mixed feeding: 100g per 1000kg feed for poultry.
Mixed drinking: 25–75mg, twice daily for 3–5 days.
Oral administration: per kg body weight, 5–10mg for chickens, 15mg for parrots, 2.5mg for horses, cattle, pigs, and sheep, 5–10mg for dogs, cats, and rabbits; twice daily.
Intravenous injection: per kg body weight, 2.5–5mg for horses.
Intramuscular injection: per kg body weight, 2.5mg for cattle, pigs, and sheep; 2.5–5mg for dogs, cats, and rabbits; once or twice daily for 2–3 days.
Subcutaneous injection: per kg body weight, 5mg for cattle; 2.5–7.5mg for pigs.
Preparations
Enrofloxacin Hydrochloride Soluble Powder: 100g:2.5g.
Enrofloxacin Solution: 100mL:2.5g, 5.0g, 10.0g.
Tablets: 2.5mg or 5mg per tablet.
Enrofloxacin Injection: 10mL:50mg, 10mL:250mg, 100mL:0.5g, 1.0g, 2.5g, 5.0g.
Precautions
(1) For enrofloxacin tablets, soluble powder, and solution, the withdrawal period for poultry is 8 days. Use is prohibited in laying hens. For the injection, the withdrawal period is 14 days for cattle and sheep, 10 days for pigs, and 14 days for rabbits. Use with caution.
(2) It may potentially excite the central nervous system and induce seizures; use with caution in dogs with epilepsy.
(3) Use with caution in carnivorous animals and patients with renal dysfunction, as crystalluria may occasionally occur.
(4) Drug-resistant strains are increasingly emerging; therefore, long-term use at subtherapeutic doses should be avoided.
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