What is Doxycycline Hyclate?
Doxycycline Hyclate is a semi-synthetic tetracycline antibiotic known for its high efficacy, broad-spectrum activity, and low toxicity. Its antibacterial spectrum is similar to that of oxytetracycline but is 2 to 10 times more potent. It remains effective against Staphylococcus aureus strains resistant to oxytetracycline and tetracycline. Doxycycline Hyclate is well-absorbed orally and maintains effective blood concentration for an extended period.
Why are we top Doxycycline Hyclate manufacturer?
Well Sunshine Group is a global leader in the research, development, and production of veterinary active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). With a portfolio of 150+ high-quality veterinary APIs, we produce Doxycycline Hyclate in full compliance with GMP standards, guaranteeing superior efficacy and safety. Trusted by veterinary distributors worldwide, Well Sunshine Group has established itself as a preferred manufacturer and supplier of reliable, cost-effective livestock medications-particularly in markets where high-quality animal health solutions are essential.
Uses
What is Doxycycline Hyclate used for?
Doxycycline Hyclate is primarily used to treat colibacillosis, salmonellosis, mycoplasmosis, and psittacosis in livestock and poultry. Doxycycline Hyclate also shows favorable efficacy against mixed bacterial and mycoplasma infections in poultry. Additionally, Doxycycline Hyclate can be used to prevent and treat streptococcosis in tilapia, ayu fish, and rainbow trout caused by Streptococcus, as well as vibriosis in eels caused by Vibrio anguillarum.
What are the pharmacokinetic properties of Doxycycline Hyclate?
Doxycycline Hyclate is lipid-soluble, allowing it to penetrate body tissues and fluids-including cerebrospinal fluid, the prostate, and the eyes-more effectively than tetracycline hydrochloride or oxytetracycline. While its concentration in cerebrospinal fluid is insufficient to treat most bacterial infections, it is effective in managing CNS (central nervous system) effects associated with Lyme disease in humans. The steady-state apparent volume of distribution in dogs is 1.5 L/kg. Protein binding rates of doxycycline vary among animal species: approximately 75%–86% in dogs, and about 93% in cattle and pigs. Cats exhibit a higher plasma protein binding rate compared to dogs.
Doxycycline Hyclate is primarily excreted in feces via non-biliary routes in an inactive form, with partial inactivation in the intestines due to chelation. In dogs, 75% of the drug is eliminated through this route, while only 25% is eliminated renally, and less than 5% is secreted via bile. The plasma half-life in dogs is 10–12 hours, with a clearance rate of approximately 1.7 mL/(kg·min). Cattle exhibit similar pharmacokinetic profiles to dogs. Doxycycline Hyclate does not accumulate in animals with renal dysfunction.
Dosage
How much Doxycycline Hyclate should be given to an animal?
Feed Mixing: For poultry, add 100–200 g per 1000 kg of feed.
Water Mixing: For poultry, add 50–100 mg per liter of water.
For fish: Administer 20–50 mg per kg of body weight daily via feed mixing, once daily for 5–7 days.
Oral Administration: Single dose per kg body weight:
Poultry: 15–25 mg
Pigs, sheep, foals, calves: 3–5 mg
Cattle, horses: 1–3 mg
Dogs, cats: 5–10 mg
Administer once daily for 3–5 days.
Specific bird species (once daily unless noted):
Parrots, parakeets: 40–50 mg
African grey parrots, mynah birds: 25 mg
Pigeons (calcium-free diet): 25 mg once daily, or 7.5 mg twice daily
Pigeons (calcium-supplemented diet): 150 mg once daily, or 25 mg twice daily
Intravenous Injection: Single dose per kg body weight:
Pigs, sheep: 1–3 mg
Cattle: 1–2 mg
Dogs, cats: 2–4 mg
Administer once daily.
Intramuscular Injection: Single dose per kg body weight:
Poultry: 10 mg once daily
For chlamydiosis in parrots: 75–100 mg every 5–7 days for 4 weeks, then every 5 days for 45 days (30 days for small parrots).
Houbara bustards: Subcutaneous or intramuscular injection: 80 mg per kg, administered at intervals of 7d, 7d, 7d, 6d, 6d, 6d, 5d.
Pigeons (doxycycline hydrochloride): Intramuscular injection: 100 mg per kg every 6 days for 3 doses.
Water Mixing for Birds:
Parrots: 280–800 mg per liter of water for 45 days.
For chlamydiosis in finches, canaries, and small birds: 250 mg per liter of water for 30 days.
For mycoplasma, Pasteurella, and chlamydiosis in pigeons: 250–800 mg per liter of water.
Side Effects
What are the potential side effects of Doxycycline Hyclate in different animal species?
(1) The most common adverse reactions in dogs and cats following oral administration of doxycycline are nausea and vomiting. To alleviate these effects, the medication can be administered with food, provided it does not interfere with drug absorption.
(2) Oral administration of doxycycline in cats may cause esophageal stricture. If tablets are used, they should be followed by at least 6 mL of water and must not be given dry.
(3) Doxycycline treatment (particularly long-term) may lead to overgrowth of non-susceptible bacteria or fungi.
(4) Intravenous injection of even small amounts of doxycycline can cause arrhythmias, collapse, and death in horses.
What are the common dosage forms of Doxycycline Hyclate?
Premix: Contains 1.25% doxycycline.
Tablets: 0.05 g or 0.1 g per tablet.
Capsules: 0.1 g per capsule.
Powder for injection: 0.1 g or 0.2 g per vial.
What are the Precautions of Doxycycline Hyclate?
(1) This product has relatively low toxicity among drugs of its class and generally does not cause microbial dysbiosis. Nevertheless, long-term or high-dose use should be avoided.
(2) Equine animals are sensitive to this product. Intravenous injection may lead to toxicity or death and is therefore contraindicated.
(3) Withdrawal period: For doxycycline hydrochloride tablets, the withdrawal period is 28 days. Use in lactating dairy cows and laying hens is prohibited.
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