Calcium chloride
CAS No.:10043-52-4
CaCl2 · 2H2O, 110.98 (anhydrous), 147.01 (dihydrate)
Physical and chemical properties
White hard fragmentary crystal, or flake, granular, powdery, honeycomb block, round ball. Odorless, slightly bitter, easy to dissolve in water, and release a large amount of heat. The aqueous solution is neutral or slightly alkaline. Soluble in ethanol (10%), acetone and acetic acid. It has strong hygroscopicity.
Dry calcium chloride will quickly absorb moisture in the air and become deliquescent CaCl2 · 6H2O. The pH value of the 5% aqueous solution is 4.5 to 10.5. The freezing point of the aqueous solution decreased significantly (- 55 ℃). The melting point is 772 ℃, and the relative density is 2.152. The precipitated hexahydrate is crystallized from the solution at low temperature. When it is gradually heated to 30 ℃, it will be dissolved in its own crystal water. When it is continuously heated, it will gradually lose water. When it is heated to 200 ℃, it will become dihydrate.
When it is heated to 260 ℃, it will become white porous anhydrous calcium chloride. The aqueous solution is obtained by adding lime milk to the mother liquor of ammonia soda, which is evaporated, concentrated, cooled and solidified, or the by-product of sodium hypochlorite production is separated and refined; Or by the action of hydrochloric acid and marble.
Toxicological basis
①GRAS：FDA-21CFR 184.1193.
② LD50: (rat, acute oral) 1000mg / kg (BW).
③ ADI: not required (FAO / WHO, 1994).
Application
Stabilizer, coagulant and thickener
GB 2760-2014 stipulates that the maximum consumption of canned fruits, jam and vegetables is 1.0g/kg; Decorative candy (such as craft modeling, or used for cake decoration), top decoration (non fruit materials), sweet juice and flavoring syrup, with a maximum use of 0.4g/kg; Other types of drinking water (except drinking water from natural sources), the maximum consumption is 0.1g/l (36mg / L based on CA); Other (only for livestock and poultry blood products), the maximum dosage is 0.5g/kg; Cream, mixed cream and bean products shall be used in an appropriate amount according to production needs.
The reference dosage in food processing: the dosage of canned tomatoes is 800mg / kg in pieces and 450mg / kg in whole package (used alone or in combination with other curing agents, calculated by CA); Canned green peas, fruit salad, etc., 350mg / kg (used alone or in combination with other curing agents, calculated by CA); Canned mature peas 350mg / kg (used alone or in combination with calcium gluconate and calcium lactate, calculated as CA); Jam and jelly, 200mg / kg (used alone or in combination with other curing agents, calculated by CA);
Low fold concentrated milk, sweet condensed milk, thin cream; 2G / kg alone and 3G / kg in combination with other stabilizers (calculated as anhydrous); Milk powder and cream powder, 5g / kg (used alone or in combination with other stabilizers, calculated as anhydrous); Pickled cucumber, 250mg / kg (used alone or in combination with other curing agents); General cheese, 200mg / kg (milk). For other use reference, the amount of cheese can reach 0.02% in order to solidify the milk.
In order to prevent the browning of cauliflower, pickled cucumber and potato chips, 0.05% ~ 0.6% aqueous solution can be used; The production of canned mixed vegetables, hardened with calcium chloride, with a maximum dosage of 0.26g/kg; The tomatoes were treated with 1% solution, rinsed with water and then canned. It is used for hardening treatment of winter melon. It can be peeled, soaked in 0.1% CaCl2 solution, and vacuumized to allow calcium chloride to penetrate into the deep part of the tissue. The penetration time is 20-25min.
After boiling and rinsing, it can be used for standby. Calcium chloride can reduce the freezing point and is used to delay the freezing of caramel in chocolate bars filled with caramel. Calcium chloride will be added to beer brewing liquor, which will affect the acidity of wort and the function of yeast, and bring sweet taste to the brewed beer. As the electrolyte, it can be added to sports drinks or some soft drinks including bottled water.
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