Description
This product is a clear, colorless liquid.
Pharmacological Action
The action of dexamethasone is essentially similar to that of hydrocortisone, but it is more potent, has a longer duration of effect, and has fewer side effects. Its anti‑inflammatory and glycogenic effects are 25 times those of hydrocortisone, while its water and sodium retention and potassium‑excreting effects are slightly less than those of hydrocortisone. It has a strong inhibitory effect on the pituitary‑adrenal cortex axis. In addition to the above actions, this product can also be used for induction of parturition in synchronized farrowing in sows, but it may increase the rate of retained placenta, delay lactation, and prolong the time for the uterus to return to normal.
After intramuscular administration in dogs, it shows a rapid systemic effect, reaching peak plasma concentration within 0.5 hours. The elimination half‑life is approximately 48 hours, and it is excreted mainly in the faeces and urine.
Action and Use
Glucocorticoid agent. It has anti‑inflammatory, anti‑allergic, and effects on glucose metabolism. It is used for inflammatory and allergic diseases, bovine ketosis, and pregnancy toxaemia in sheep.
Dosage and Administration
Intramuscular or intravenous injection: single dose - horses 2.5–5 ml; cattle 5–20 ml; sheep, pigs 4–12 ml; dogs, cats 0.125–1 ml.
Adverse Reactions
(1) Has marked water and sodium retention and potassium‑excreting effects.
(2) Has strong immunosuppressive effects.
(3) High doses during late pregnancy may induce abortion.
(4) In dogs, may cause dullness, dry coat, weight gain, panting, vomiting, diarrhoea, increased hepatic drug‑metabolising enzymes, pancreatitis, gastrointestinal ulceration, lipaemia, induction or exacerbation of diabetes mellitus, muscle atrophy, behavioural changes (depression, lethargy, aggression); discontinuation of treatment may be necessary.
(5) In cats, occasionally may cause polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria, weight gain, diarrhoea, or lethargy. Long‑term high‑dose therapy may lead to corticosteroid secretion disorders.
Precautions
(1) Contraindicated in dams during early and late pregnancy.
(2) Contraindicated in animals with severe hepatic insufficiency, osteomalacia, during fracture treatment, during wound healing, and during vaccination periods.
(3) Indications should be strictly observed to prevent misuse.
(4) In bacterial infections, should be used in conjunction with antibacterial agents.
(5) Long‑term use should not be withdrawn abruptly; the dose should be tapered gradually until discontinuation.
Withdrawal Period
Withdrawal period: cattle, sheep, pigs 21 days; milk discard period 72 hours.
Specification
(1) 1 ml : 1 mg
(2) 5 ml : 5 mg
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