Description
This product is a clear liquid, colorless to pale yellow or pale yellowish‑green.
Pharmacological Action
Pharmacodynamics：Kanamycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic. Its antibacterial spectrum is similar to that of streptomycin, but its activity is slightly stronger. It has potent antibacterial activity against most Gram‑negative bacilli such as Escherichia coli, Proteus spp., Salmonella spp., and Pasteurella multocida, and is also relatively active against Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Gram‑positive bacteria (except Staphylococcus aureus), rickettsiae, anaerobes, and fungi are resistant to this product.
Similar to streptomycin, susceptible bacteria readily develop resistance to kanamycin. Cross‑resistance exists with neomycin, and one‑way cross‑resistance exists with streptomycin. Acquired resistance is frequently observed in Escherichia coli and other Gram‑negative bacteria.
Pharmacokinetics：After intramuscular injection, kanamycin is rapidly absorbed, reaching peak plasma concentrations in 0.5–1.5 hours. It is widely distributed in pleural fluid, ascitic fluid, and parenchymal organs, but penetrates poorly into saliva, bronchial secretions, and normal cerebrospinal fluid. In meningitis, the drug concentration in cerebrospinal fluid may increase approximately twofold. Concentrations in bile and faeces are very low. Excretion occurs mainly by glomerular filtration; 40–80% of the injected dose is excreted unchanged in the urine. Two hours after a single intramuscular injection of 75 mg/kg in goats, the urine concentration can reach 8300 μg/ml. Small amounts are excreted in milk. After intramuscular injection in horses, water buffalo, yellow cattle, dairy goats, and pigs, the elimination half‑life is 2.1–2.8 hours.
Action and Use
Aminoglycoside antibiotic. It is used for the treatment of septicaemia, urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, and also for swine enzootic pneumonia (mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine).
Dosage and Administration
Intramuscular injection: single dose, per 1 kg body weight, domestic animals 0.1–0.15 ml. Administer twice daily for 3–5 consecutive days.
Adverse Reactions
(1) Kanamycin, like streptomycin, has ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity, and its ototoxicity is stronger than that of streptomycin and gentamicin.
(2) Neuromuscular blockade often results from excessive dosage.
Precautions
(1) Cross‑hypersensitivity exists with other aminoglycosides. This product is contraindicated in animals hypersensitive to aminoglycosides.
(2) Use with caution in animals with dehydration or renal impairment.
(3) When treating urinary tract infections, concurrent oral administration of sodium bicarbonate may enhance the efficacy.
(4) Cations such as Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, NH₄⁺, K⁺, etc., may inhibit the antibacterial activity of this product.
(5) In cases of acute toxicity, anticholinesterase drugs such as neostigmine and calcium preparations (calcium gluconate) may be used to antagonize the neuromuscular blocking effect.
Withdrawal Period
Withdrawal period: domestic animals 28 days; milk discard period 7 days.
Specification
Calculated as C₁₈H₃₆N₄O₁₁:
(1) 5 ml : 0.5 g (500,000 IU)
(2) 10 ml : 1.0 g (1,000,000 IU)
(3) 100 ml : 10 g (10,000,000 IU)
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