Description
This product is a clear liquid, colorless to pale yellow; the color gradually darkens upon exposure to light.
Pharmacological Action
Pharmacodynamics：
Sulfathiazole is a broad‑spectrum antibacterial agent, effective against most Gram‑positive bacteria and some Gram‑negative bacteria. Pathogens highly sensitive to sulfathiazole include: Streptococcus spp., Pneumococcus spp., Salmonella spp., Corynebacterium pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus paragallinarum, etc. Moderately sensitive bacteria include: Staphylococcus spp., Proteus spp., Pasteurella spp., Clostridium perfringens, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus anthracis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, etc.
The antibacterial mechanism of sulfathiazole is inhibition of folic acid synthesis, thereby suppressing bacterial growth and reproduction. Sulfathiazole has a chemical structure similar to para‑aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and competes with PABA for the enzyme dihydropteroate synthase, thus blocking folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria, resulting in a bacteriostatic effect. Higher animals can directly utilize exogenous folic acid, so their metabolism is not interfered with by sulfonamides.
During the use of sulfathiazole, due to insufficient dosage or short treatment duration, bacteria may readily develop resistance. Staphylococci develop resistance most easily, followed by Escherichia coli, streptococci, etc. Once bacteria become resistant to sulfathiazole, they may also exhibit varying degrees of cross‑resistance to other sulfonamides, but no cross‑resistance occurs with other classes of antibacterial agents.
Pharmacokinetics：After intramuscular injection, sulfathiazole sodium is rapidly absorbed. After absorption, it is excreted quickly. The elimination half‑life is short, making it difficult to maintain effective blood concentrations. The degree of acetylation in the body is high, therefore, it should be used together with an appropriate amount of sodium bicarbonate.
Action and Use
Sulfonamide antibacterial agent. Used for infections caused by susceptible bacteria.
Dosage and Administration
Intravenous injection: single dose, per 1 kg body weight, domestic animals 0.5–1 ml. Administer twice daily for 2–3 consecutive days.
Adverse Reactions
Manifests as two types of toxicity: acute and chronic.
(1) Acute toxicity – Usually occurs during intravenous injection of the sodium salt when the rate is too rapid or the dose is excessive. Main manifestations include nervous excitement, ataxia, muscle weakness, vomiting, coma, anorexia, and diarrhea. In cattle and goats, visual disturbances and mydriasis may also be observed.
(2) Chronic toxicity – Mainly caused by excessive dosage or prolonged administration. The main symptoms include:
① Damage to the urinary system, manifested as crystalluria, hematuria, and proteinuria;
② Suppression of intestinal flora, leading to digestive system disorders and, in herbivores, multiple enteritis;
③ Destruction of hematopoietic function, resulting in hemolytic anemia, prolonged clotting time, and capillary hemorrhage;
④ Suppression of the immune system in young animals, with bleeding and atrophy of immune organs.
Precautions
(1) This product may precipitate when mixed with acids, therefore it should not be diluted with 5% glucose solution.
(2) Long‑term or high‑dose administration may easily cause crystalluria; sodium bicarbonate should be administered concurrently, and the animal should be provided with plenty of water.
(3) If allergic reactions or other serious adverse effects occur, discontinue administration immediately and provide symptomatic treatment.
Withdrawal Period
Withdrawal period: domestic animals 28 days; milk discard period 7 days; egg discard period 7 days.
Specification
(1) 5 ml : 0.5 g
(2) 10 ml : 1 g
(3) 20 ml : 2 g
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