What is Sulfadiazine Tablets?
Pharmacodynamics: Sulfadiazine is a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent. It exerts bacteriostatic effects by competing with *p*-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) for dihydrofolate synthase, thereby inhibiting folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Higher animals can directly utilize exogenous folic acid, so their metabolism is not affected by sulfonamides. Once bacteria develop resistance to sulfadiazine, varying degrees of cross-resistance to other sulfonamides may occur. It is effective against most Gram-positive and some Gram-negative bacteria, as well as coccidia, Leucocytozoon, and Toxoplasma, but ineffective against spirochetes, Rickettsia, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Pathogens highly sensitive to sulfadiazine include: Streptococcus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Salmonella, Corynebacterium pyogenes, Escherichia coli, and Avibacterium paragallinarum. Generally sensitive pathogens include: Staphylococcus, Proteus, Pasteurella, Clostridium perfringens, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus anthracis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Due to factors like insufficient dosage or treatment duration, bacteria can readily develop resistance to sulfadiazine, with Staphylococcus being particularly prone, followed by E. coli and Streptococcus.
Pharmacokinetics: Sulfadiazine is readily absorbed after oral administration, but bioavailability varies by species, generally in the order: poultry > dog > pig > horse > sheep > cattle. Its solubility in blood is higher than in other body fluids, allowing blood concentrations to reach effective levels easily. With low plasma protein binding (cattle 24%, dogs 17%, poultry 16%), it readily crosses the blood-brain barrier, achieving high concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (50%–80% of blood levels).
Sulfadiazine is primarily metabolized in the liver, most commonly via acetylation of the para-amino group. Its half-life varies significantly among species: 9.84 hours in dogs; 5.41–5.55 hours in horses, sheep, and chickens; 1.82–2.57 hours in dairy goats, cattle, buffalo, and pigs. It is excreted mainly via the kidneys as the parent drug, acetylated metabolites, and glucuronide conjugates. Elimination half-life is prolonged in cases of renal impairment.
What is the Physicochemical Properties of Sulfadiazine Tablets?
This product is a white to slightly yellow tablet; color may darken upon exposure to light.
Uses
What is Sulfadiazine Tablets used for?
Sulfonamide antibacterial agent. Used for infections caused by susceptible bacteria and for Toxoplasma infections.
Dosage
How much Sulfadiazine Tablets should be given to an animal?
Oral administration: Single dose: For livestock, initial dose of 28–40 tablets per 100kg body weight, maintenance dose of 14–20 tablets per 100kg body weight. Administer twice daily for 3–5 consecutive days.
Side Effects
What are the potential side effects of Sulfadiazine Tablets in different animal species?
(1) Sulfadiazine or its metabolites may precipitate in urine, with crystallization, crystalluria, hematuria, or renal tubular obstruction more likely to occur during high-dose or prolonged low-dose administration.
(2) Oral administration in horses may cause diarrhea.
What are the common dosage forms of Sulfadiazine Tablets?
0.5g.
What are the Precautions of Sulfadiazine Tablets?
(1) May crystallize in the urinary tract. Ensure adequate water intake for treated animals during administration. Administer with an equivalent amount of sodium bicarbonate during high-dose or long-term use.
(2) Use with caution in animals with impaired renal function due to reduced excretion.
(3) May disrupt intestinal flora. Prolonged use can reduce the synthesis and absorption of B vitamins and vitamin K; supplement accordingly.
(4) Discontinue immediately and provide symptomatic treatment if allergic reactions occur in livestock.
(5) Withdrawal period: Pigs: 5 days; Cattle and sheep: 28 days. Milk discard period: 7 days.
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