What is Praziquantel Tablets?
Pharmacodynamics: Praziquantel exhibits broad-spectrum activity against schistosomes and cestodes. It demonstrates high efficacy against adult stages of various cestodes and good activity against larval stages; it is also highly effective in eliminating schistosomes.
The precise mechanism of action of praziquantel against cestodes has not been fully elucidated, but it may involve interaction with phospholipids in the parasite's tegument, leading to efflux of sodium, potassium, and calcium ions. In vitro, low concentrations appear to impair sucker function and stimulate parasite motility, while higher concentrations enhance contraction of the strobila (chain of proglottids), which becomes irreversible at very high concentrations. Furthermore, praziquantel induces focal vacuolization at specific sites in the cestode tegument, ultimately causing parasite disintegration. For schistosomes and trematodes, praziquantel is likely directly parasiticidal due to increased calcium influx, followed by vacuolization and phagocytosis.
Pharmacokinetics: This product is rapidly and almost completely absorbed after oral administration but undergoes significant first-pass metabolism. Peak plasma concentrations are achieved within 0.5–2 hours in dogs and 2 hours in sheep. Intramuscular and subcutaneous administration maintain effective blood concentrations longer than oral dosing. Praziquantel distributes widely throughout body tissues, with the highest levels in the liver and kidneys, and crosses the blood-brain barrier into the central nervous system. This extensive distribution aids in eliminating larvae from various host organs (muscle, brain, viscera, and abdominal cavity). Praziquantel is rapidly metabolized in the liver to inactive mono- or polyhydroxylated metabolites, primarily excreted in urine. The elimination half-life after oral administration is approximately 7.7 hours in cattle, 1.1–2.5 hours in sheep and pigs, and 3–3.5 hours in dogs. Only minimal amounts of the parent drug (e.g., 0.1% in sheep) are excreted unchanged in urine or feces.
What is the Physicochemical Properties of Praziquantel Tablets?
This product is a white tablet.
Uses
What is Praziquantel Tablets used for?
Anthelmintic agent. Primarily used for animal schistosomiasis, and also for cestodiasis and cysticercosis.
Dosage
How much Praziquantel Tablets should be given to an animal?
Oral administration: Single dose: 1–3.5 tablets per 10kg body weight for cattle, sheep, and pigs; 0.25–0.5 tablets for dogs and cats; 1–2 tablets for poultry.
Side Effects
What are the potential side effects ofPraziquantel Tablets in different animal species?
(1) At high doses, cattle may occasionally exhibit mild elevations in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and some individuals may develop elevated body temperature, muscle tremors, or eructation.
(2) Oral administration in dogs may cause anorexia, vomiting, or diarrhea, though the incidence is less than 5%. Adverse reactions in cats are rare.
What are the common dosage forms of Praziquantel Tablets?
0.1g.
What are the Precautions of Praziquantel Tablets?
(1) Use with caution in puppies under 4 weeks of age and kittens under 6 weeks of age.
(2) Withdrawal period: Cattle and poultry: 28 days; Sheep: 4 days; Pigs: 5 days. Milk discard period: 7 days.
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